[Press Release] Soteria Q&A | Min Wu: How to operate and maintain blockchain networks (1)

“Soteria Theme Sharing | Min Wu: How to Run and Maintain Blockchain Networks”

https://bihu.com/article/1627472231?i=4Hjv&c=1&s=1M8HS7

Claire: Thank you very much Min Wu for your thorough and wonderful sharing. The content is very hardcore, so I'm sure everyone will take some time to digest it. A group of friends from the “Magic Piper Technology Development Community” raised some questions about this sharing before. Let me ask them one by one, and ask the keynote speaker Min Wu to explain. If you have any other questions, we will also arrange for immediate answers as time permits.

Question 1. Tom's question is quite long. The general meaning is summarized as follows: Does the person speaking on this topic know how Double Eleven can achieve 400,000 TPS? I'm assuming that the person speaking first has the ability to handle Double Eleven traffic without blockchain before talking about blockchain in comparison. My opinion: Domestic Ali is similar to our high-speed rail, and has taken application integration to the extreme on the basis of existing theories. Then, the relevant distributed application theory was basically invented by Google. If these two companies can't create a blockchain, it's unlikely that anyone else will surpass it for the time being.

Please ask the guests to digest and then comment, haha.

Min Wu: Yes, this is a great question. My answer is quite long, please bear with me. This question is for the section above the poster: “[Introduction] How to run a blockchain? What if something goes wrong? Can your network hold up to Double Eleven traffic? Do I need to worship Guanyin in the computer room? Let's just talk about many things we've experienced before.”

The first thing that needs to be clarified is that the purpose of the words on the poster is*to attract attention*, so that more people can participate in the live broadcast with curiosity and criticism to discuss issues together. Please don't criticize Xiaobian for not being professional enough, because Xiaobian is me (LOL). Let me share my own views on this aspect. I hope to improve it together.

Putting blockchain and Double Eleven together is a false proposition; it's completely false. The problem to be solved by Double Eleven is shopping. This is a seemingly simple problem, but it is also a problem that has been solved countless times by Internet business giants. Over the past 20 years, countless human and material resources have been invested, optimized and restructured, and then optimized and restructured, and I don't know how many times to develop efficiency and scalability to the ultimate solution in practice.

Double Eleven is not a problem blockchain needs to solve at all;

Double Eleven is not a problem blockchain should solve at all;

Double Eleven is also not a problem blockchain can solve at all.

Satoshi Nakamoto drew the world's attention to blockchain through Bitcoin (blockchain existed before Bitcoin). “Finance+transaction+cryptocurrency” naturally became the first application of blockchain, “exchange+coin trading + Ponzi scheme” became synonymous with blockchain in the early days, and xxx on-chain+Defi+Web3 became the next development direction of blockchain.

In fact, blockchain is a very slow and inefficient decentralized database. The problems that blockchain can solve are very limited, and what it is best at is decentralized consensus. If you have to use blockchain to solve many centralized problems (for example, finance is a very centralized problem), it's like trying to use an old scalper as the engine for a Mercedes-Benz car.

At best, it's just an attention-grabbing keyword on the poster (please don't criticize Xiaobian LOL). Blockchain brings us more of the concept of decentralization. In a decentralized world, many *new* application scenarios will be created, and more value will be generated along with it. Never solve problems that have been solved many times in a centralized world. For more discussion and content, we can draw on SSDE's sharing of “big data.”

Back to the specific question of TPS (Transaction Per Second), analyze the specific problem in detail. Never compare cross-industry and cross-system architectures, such as using blockchain and Double Eleven (please don't criticize the editor). In the Bitcoin implementation (https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin)，TPS受到几个方面的限制，比如区块的大小，这也是为啥澳本聪喊着要出TB大小的区块，比如网络带宽，比如全节点的CPU和内存.

Cyberforker-mememaster: TB-sized blocks??? The IPFS hard drive also pulls in bithaha.

Min Wu: Yes, Satoshi Okamoto can think of anything.

Optimization at this level makes sense because all optimizations can be transparently accepted by the upper application without having to optimize for each different application individually. However, the extent to which it can be optimized at this level is very limited. After all, the main purpose of this layer is network-wide consensus, which is security. This is also why Bitcoin's blockchain implementation is so slow and the data is so redundant, because one of the major problems Bitcoin has to solve is double flowers, which requires everyone on the entire network to agree to every transaction.

However, if there are applications that require partial consensus (such as the vast majority of contracts in real life), and not every transaction requires network-wide consensus, the final results (authentication) can only be written on the blockchain to improve the TPS of the entire network through “light chain heavy application”. Of course, the system architecture has also been expanded, and the definition of “full network” has been changed.

Claire: Thank you, Mr. Wu Min, for your thorough answers, that's great!

CyberForker-MemeMaster: This is right, just like classical physics deals with macroscopically encapsulated quantum physics, lightning network quantum, and bit network macros.

Question 2: Li Guoqing: It is said that there are more than 5,000 public chains, and 99% of their public chain coins have gone to zero. The miners have left and the community has declined. What is the way out for the project's public chain operation??

Min Wu: Yes, we mentioned this a little bit in today's sharing. A large part of blockchain itself is not a technical issue; it is a matter of balancing the interests of many parties. Many different stakeholders will participate in discussions on whether each project's chain is a public chain and whether the chain continues to run. I'm not very good at answering their questions for each project party; I need specific analysis of specific questions.

Question 3. Claire: Bitcoin's Lightning Network is also a light-chain route. What's the difference between a node that maintains the Lightning Network and a node that maintains Bitcoin? What should I pay attention to?

Min Wu: This is a good question. Today, we are mainly talking about the operation and maintenance of the blockchain itself. The Lightning Network belongs to layer 2 and is a very important part of Bitcoin's higher-level system architecture, which is also very interesting. For example, in terms of code implementation, unlike Bitcoin, where one implementation accounts for more than 90% (bitcoincore), it is relatively balanced. So choosing that codebase as the node itself is a matter of consideration.

Also, the number of nodes and the requirements for each node are not the same as Bitcoin. For example, how much BTC is in the channel, connected to that node, etc. We can share the system architecture specifically for Lightning Network in the future, and then discuss the details of operation and maintenance further.

Claire: In Lightning Network, or Layer 2, for power outages, the nodes are penalized due to network outages. Do you have any solutions in this regard?

Min Wu: Lightning Network is still in the process of continuous development. The idea is that nodes will not be lost due to network disconnection. Because the contract rolls back to its initialized state. However, it should be noted that all software has bugs. So don't put much money on each node. Anyway, I did all of my dedication at the beginning of last year. (LOL)

Question 4. Ellipsis: Boss, how many blocks does Bitcoin generate every day, and where are the statistics?

Min Wu: Please refer to the following website:

https://www.blockchain.com/en/charts

https://www.blockchain.com/charts/n-transactions-per-block

This image is very useful. “Average Number Of Transactions Per Block” in the past year

Question 5. Claire: In the lively discussions between the Magic Piper technology development community and the Soteria development community this morning, everyone raised a great question, such as: “According to the news, EOS nodes are fighting, 6 super nodes are controlled by the same Chinese node, and foreign nodes have already initiated a disqualification vote.” Everyone knows the drawbacks of setting up 21 nodes in order to achieve greater efficiency in DPOS. Well, in POW, guessing the right questions through high computing power actually requires very strong capital and technological strength. Is there a consensus mechanism that can make mining more inclusive and fair?

Min Wu: Received. Currently, Bitcoin's ASIC mining is indeed very unfair.

Everyone watched the miners make money;

Little miners watch big miners make money;

All miners watch the mining pool earn money;

Mining pools and miners watch as mining machine manufacturers make money.

Soteria minimizes the gap between different players through measures such as blockDAG and equal mining. The goal is for more people to participate openly in network construction. Not just one or two big sharks.

Claire: How do you level it out?

Min Wu: Simply put, BTC mining is CPU-focused, and equal mining is memory-focused. Currently, memory is still relatively evenly distributed, and there will be no concentration of resources like ASIC. For more details, see Soteria's sharing on equal mining below.

“Soteria Theme Sharing 丨 Fair Mining 1: Computational and Storage Disputes”

https://bihu.com/article/1963048971?i=4Hjv&c=1&s=28QKIb

“Soteria: Fair Mining 1: Computational and Storage Disputes Q&A Selected”

https://bihu.com/article/1436108803?i=4Hjv&c=1&s=1zbLvd

“Soteria | Block diagrams are key technology that Satoshi Nakamoto agreed to break through development bottlenecks (1)”

https://bihu.com/article/1780499191?i=4Hjv&c=1&s=1WuNaT

“Jiang Zhu | Block diagrams are a key technology that Satoshi Nakamoto agreed to break through development bottlenecks (2)”

https://bihu.com/article/1421456668?i=4Hjv&c=1&s=1ychOs

You can revisit these articles to learn how to mine more fairly and inclusively.

Claire: Time passed quickly, and the live broadcast came to an end. Thanks very much to Min Wu Min today for his wonderful sharing on the operation and maintenance of blockchain. We have benefited a lot! Special thanks to Soteria for sponsoring this theme sharing! Thank you to all the community and friends who watched and participated in the live broadcast. We'll see you next time!

Min Wu: Thank you all for participating. Thanks Claire. Let's discuss and improve together.

Special thanks to the sponsor and organizer Soteria Community, the Magic Piper Technology Development Community, the community that participated in this live broadcast (in no particular order), and all the friends who participated in the discussion and attention.

- Magic Piper Technology Development Community

- Soteria hardcore tech community

- Soteria SSDE development community

- Digital Everything Discussion Group

- Unnamed Highland of the New Token Economy

- Fire Thieves Blockchain Application Alliance

- July offline online exchange and learning community

- Cryptocurrency and blockchain ecosystem

- Defi Research Institute Chengdu

- Metamask Chinese Community

- Quantum Computing Artificial Intelligence Blockchain 00003

- Western Electric Blockchain Interest Group

(To be continued)