链优先 · 14

Tear down the crypto world's “Berlin Wall”

Author: Arjun Chand Original title: Interoperability: Crypto's Invisible Switchboard Compiled and organized by BitpushNews The crypto world has always been like a tribe, built around the “highest faith” of the chain. You choose a chain, learn its tools and applications, integrate into its community, follow its conference trajectory, and rarely step outside of this bubble. Your initial choices often depend on what initially attracted you to the crypto world. Since early decentralized finance (DeFi) developed mostly on Ethereum, many early adopters stayed there. Later, the NFT boom and meme coin cycle brought new users to another ecosystem — Solana. The result is a “chain first” pattern of getting started: once you're on a chain, you usually stay there. For most users, the crypto world is like a separate world, and you only interact with one of them at a time. This mental model is being disrupted. Today, the crypto world is increasingly being experienced as a single market rather than a collection of multiple chains. Activities are simultaneously distributed across multiple thriving ecosystems. Capital flows to places with the highest returns, and assets are purchased in places with the deepest liquidity. Users no longer choose chains; they choose actions and focus on results. They want to exchange, earn, send, or pay, and are concerned about the results of these actions: the transfer of profits, profits, or money. As a result, the dominant user model has changed. The crypto world is no longer “chain first,” but “asset first.” Wherever the asset is, users now expect to be able to reach it. The reason this new “assets-first” economic system works depends entirely on interoperability (often referred to as interop for short) to allow value to flow freely across chains. What is interoperability? Interoperability connects the entire crypto ecosystem, making it usable as a whole. Without it, every blockchain would be its own closed garden. As defined in the 2026 State of Interoperability Report: “Interoperability is the ability for value, state, and intent to flow seamlessly between independent blockchains. It enables composability to operate on a large scale in the crypto world, enabling coordination between originally separate ecosystems. For users, interoperability compresses the multi-chain ecosystem into a single, interconnected model of cryptographic usage mentality.” An analogy that helps to understand is to think of each chain as its independent financial backend. They don't naturally interact with each other. Assets, liquidity, and applications exist in different environments, each with different rules, costs, and trade-offs. Interoperability is the level at which these backends are connected. If this sounds abstract, traditional finance provides a familiar analogy. Nor are banks inherently interconnected. The global financial system was made usable not because there was a giant bank, but because shared channels like Visa, SWIFT, and ACH were located on it and transferred funds between them. When you send money, you don't consider which bank's system is involved; you just expect it to be completed. The crypto world is undergoing the same transformation. Interoperability makes each chain feel less like an isolated network and more like a single financial system. It enables users to swap assets, chase earnings, or transfer capital across chains without having to start from scratch every time. For a long time, this was mostly theoretical. The tool exists, but the user isn't ready. Today, things have changed. Users already live in a multi-chain world. Today, active crypto users usually hold assets across multiple chains. While many still have a “main chain” (usually Ethereum, and high net worth users in particular), their on-chain behavior shows that they are inherently multi-chain users. Capital flows based on risk, cost, and opportunity rather than loyalty to a single chain. Highly active cross-chain user data from the cross-chain exchange and bridging platform Jumper reveals this transformation. Most users spread their funds across multiple chains. They tend to store most of their money on one or two major networks before appearing in the market...

219d agoWendy#2026 topics #Solana #blockchain #infrastructures #Chain priority

In-depth analysis of stablecoins: A comprehensive guide for practitioners

Source: PanNews Original title: Exploring past and present lives, a stablecoin practitioner's guide to cryptocurrencies eventually output something beyond imagination: Stablecoins Last year, three major events led stablecoins to enter the mainstream: 1. Tether, the issuer of the world's largest stablecoin USDT, earned nearly $13 billion in profits with less than 200 employees; 2. President Trump's inauguration and the reversal of America's adversarial regulatory landscape for digital assets; 3. Stripe bought stablecoin infrastructure company Bridge for $1.1 billion Coordinate cross-border transactions. As people make a lot of money in a thriving ecosystem, regulations are becoming increasingly clear. If you're issuing or using stablecoins to grow your business, we hope this guide will help you understand how experienced operators view this area. To provide multiple perspectives, we use our extensive network to draw unique insights from leading contributors on the front lines of stablecoin transformation. Let's start learning! Stablecoins define stablecoins are generally liabilities denominated in dollars and are asset reserves of equal or greater market value. There are two main types: • Statutory support: fully secured by bank deposits, cash, or less risky alternatives to cash (such as treasury notes) • Secured debt positions (CDP): mainly provided by cryptographic native assets (such as ETH or BTC). The underlying determinant of the utility of stablecoins is their “pegging” to the underlying reference asset (USD). This linkage is maintained through two mechanisms: primary redemption and secondary markets. First, can I immediately redeem my stablecoin debt and get the same amount of reserve support? If not, is there a deep and long-lasting secondary market where market participants can buy or accept my stablecoin liabilities at a pegged exchange rate? Due to the unpredictability of the secondary market, we also believe that primary redemption is a more durable linked mechanism. Also, it's worth noting that there are many experiments with low collateral or algorithmic stablecoins, which lack support, and which we won't go into detail in this guide. Importantly, stablecoins didn't come out of thin air. When you hold a deposit in US dollars at Chase Bank, Chase Bank is responsible for keeping your dollars, making sure you can use them, and allowing you to use your dollars to trade with others. Stablecoins rely on blockchain to provide the same core functionality. Define blockchain Blockchain is a global “bookkeeping system” that includes personal assets, transaction records, and transaction rules and terms. For example, Circle's stablecoin USDC was issued based on the ERC-20 token standard, which stipulates the following rules for a successful token transfer: a certain amount is deducted from the sender's account and the same amount is added to the receiver's account. These rules, combined with blockchain's consensus mechanism, ensure that no user can transfer more USDC than the amount they hold (commonly known as the double flower problem). Simply put, blockchain is like an append-only database or double-entry ledger that has an initial state and records every transaction that has occurred in its closed loop network. All assets on the blockchain, including USDC, are managed by an Enchain account (EOA or wallet) or smart contracts, which can receive and transfer assets when specific conditions are met. EOA ownership, or the ability to trade assets from a public address, is enforced through the underlying blockchain's public-private key encryption scheme, which binds each public address to a private key one-on-one. If you have private keys, you actually own assets in a public address (“not your keys, not your coins”). Smart contracts hold and trade stablecoins based on pre-programmed transparent logic, enabling on-chain organizations (such as DAOs or AI agents) to programmatically trade stablecoins without human intervention. “Trust” in the accuracy of the system stems from the execution and consensus mechanisms of the underlying blockchain (e.g., the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) and proof of stake). Accuracy can be proven through the initial state of the blockchain and a publicly auditable history of every subsequent transaction. Transaction settlement is managed around the clock by a globally distributed network of node operators, which makes stablecoin settlement not limited by traditional bank business hours. To compensate for this service provided by the node operator, a transaction fee (Gas) is charged during transaction processing, which is usually denominated in the native currency of the underlying blockchain (such as ETH). These definitions may be pedantic, or even rebellious to some, but this succinct and practical overview provides our readers with a suitable common ground. So let's start with the more interesting part: we...

421d agoAlvin Liu#DAI #Tether #stablecoins

Leap through the Ethereum Madhouse

By Yanz & Liam Editor: Liam “I actually sold this time!” On April 22, the ETH/BTC exchange rate briefly fell to 0.01766, hitting a new low since 2020. Lin Feng, who has continuously invested and held Ethereum for 4 years, couldn't hold on anymore and made a heartbreaking declaration in his circle of friends. Compared to simply cutting meat, this is more like a collapse of faith and a farewell to a dream. Also on this day, institutional investors are taking action one after another. Galaxy Digital traded ETH for SOL, and the crypto VC Paradigm also transferred 5,500 ETH (approximately $8.66 million) to the brokerage platform Anchorage, which is suspected to be ready for sale. The most ironic thing is that there is another organization that has joined the coin sales force — the Ethereum Foundation. A wallet linked to the Ethereum Foundation deposited 1,000 ETH (approximately $1.85 million) to Kraken. Ethereum, a project that was once regarded as the standard-bearer of the blockchain revolution, seems to have reached its darkest hour. Behind this group escape is a story of being forced to say goodbye to ideals one by one, and it is also a difficult choice of beliefs and interests time and time again. And all of this was recorded, witnessed, and remembered in the group chat called “Ethereum Madhouse.” Ethereum Madhouse “Our first group name wasn't actually 'Ethereum Madman', but rather 'I made a mistake, I regret buying Ethereum'”. On February 3, 2025, the cryptocurrency market fell collectively. At one point, Ethereum plummeted 25%, hitting a minimum of $2080.19 per coin, which caught many Ethereum holders by surprise, including oranges. Orange, who previously worked for a venture capital agency (VC), entered the crypto market in 2021, and his research on Ethereum technology established his belief in entering the industry. However, the drop in the price of Ethereum to $3,300 made Orange feel bad, repeatedly muttering, and the group chat “I'm wrong, I regret buying Ethereum” came into being. On February 3rd, Tangerine immediately panicked — “I can't even run away, so what about the brothers?” In order to seek psychological comfort and to warm up in a group, this small group of originally only 6 friends began welcoming more “wrongdoers”: superplayers such as Big Orange and Du Jun, as well as senior VC executives. Everyone gathered here to heal each other and seek psychological comfort. As Ethereum continues to decline, the number of “sick people” increased day by day, gradually expanding and stabilizing to 250 in just one month — Orange said, “Buying Ethereum is' 255 '”. This deliberately controlled figure has a self-deprecating meaning. “At first, some people called for bottoming out at $3,000, then dropped to $2,500 and $2,100, and the sound of bottoming out became less and less. At the end of the day, everyone started laughing, saying that those who wanted to copy the bottom would ask Teacher Yang Yongxin to make a call. So we changed the group name to “Ethereum Madhouse” because everyone thought they were crazy.” Source: BIG ORANGE @0xVeryBigOrange作为群主, ORANGE has witnessed it all. He is an observer and a member of an insane asylum imprisoned behind bars. But he was helpless; it could even be said that most of the people who stayed in the group were helpless. Oranges can't help but miss the summer of 2020. That summer, Uniswap surpassed Coinbase's trading volume. Compound's fueled liquidity mining made countless people rich overnight, and the decentralized finance DeFi concept took the entire cryptocurrency world by storm. DeFi Summer is like a frenetic technological feast. Ethereum, as the protagonist of this feast, has attracted the attention of countless investors and developers. For traditional Web2 VC practitioners like Orange, this is not only an opportunity to make money, but also an enlightenment and baptism of ideas. “We really did a lot of research at the time,” Orange recalled. “Vitalik and the Ethereum Foundation (EF) drew a lot of 'flatbreads', such as sharding technology (sharding), zero-knowledge proof (zk)... I thought this was the future at the time.” Similarly, Lin Feng also bought Ethereum in the midsummer of 2020. At the time, he was full of hopes and expectations, and was very excited about Ethereum's vision of a “world computer.” “As an Ethereum holder back then, I was very proud. This was a true value investment, innovation at the level of human civilization...

484d ago深潮TechFlow#Ethereum #Bitcoin #Deep Tide TechFlow #venture capital

Solana MEV, a big business that doesn't beat on the K line

Source: SevenUp DAO Original link: https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/-qHRVrxls4aVw01xxG3oVg过去一年，Memecoin狂潮让Solana成为交易者的淘金圣地. Countless people are chasing meme coins that have skyrocketed and plummeted in an attempt to seize the opportunity with Trading Bot. But few people realized—profiteering businesses that actually make steady profits don't jump on the K-line chart, but are hidden deep in the dark forest of blockchain. This is MEV (maximum extractable value). Compared to publicly visible bot revenue, MEV's revenue is often hidden in block construction and ranking mechanisms, and mastering it is often an “invisible hand” that controls on-chain power and infrastructure. Many people don't know because the operating threshold of this system is high, the information is extremely asymmetrical, and the controllers are extremely concentrated. When you use bots to grab internal orders and prevent pinching, MEV catchers control transaction sequencing behind the scenes to accurately capture arbitrage space; when retail investors compete for speed and strategy, large institutions with staking advantages and node authority have taken advantage of structural advantages to stay at the top of the revenue pyramid. On Solana, MEV is not only a trading opportunity; it is also an infrastructure-level power. It is controlled by a very small number of people, forming a set of capital games with high thresholds, high monopolies, and high profits. Today, let's uncover Solana's big MEV business:. First, what is MEV? MEV is called value that miners can extract, which means that when packing blocks, miners can include, omit, and sort transactions to earn as much additional revenue as possible. Due to the memecoin boom and active DeFi, MEV is huge. Differentiated from a business perspective, MEV usually includes: liquidation, arbitrage, and sandwich attack liquidation: liquidation of borrowing positions on the verge of default to obtain rewards. When borrowers fail to maintain the collateral ratio required for the loan in the loan agreement, their positions will be eligible for liquidation. MEV searchers monitor these undercollateralized positions on the blockchain and perform liquidation by paying off part or all of the debt in exchange for partial collateral as a reward. Arbitrage: Trade on different DEXs at the same time and profit from the spread. The simplest form of arbitrage is when two DEXs have different prices for the same trading pair, the arbitrator earns the difference in price from a single transaction. Sandwich Attack: Buy before the target trade and then sell for profit. A sandwich attack is an arbitrage strategy in the DeFi market. The attacker achieves profit through three atomic bundling transactions: first, an unprofitable preemptive transaction pushes the asset price to the highest level allowed by the victim's slippage, then the victim's transaction is executed at a high level to further boost the price, and finally the attacker sells the asset at an inflated price through a repurchase transaction (post-transaction) to offset the initial cost and obtain net profit. In terms of behavior, a distinction is generally made between front-run (early trading) and back-run (back-run) early trading: Early access trading means that the MEV seeker identifies another trader's buy or sell order in the memory pool and places the same order before that trader to profit from the price impact on the other transaction. Post-transaction: A backorder transaction is a counterpart of a preemptive transaction. It is a specific MEV strategy that uses a temporary price imbalance caused by another transaction, and this imbalance is usually due to improper routing. Once the user's transaction is executed, the reverse trade seeker will balance the price of each pool by trading the same asset and ensure profit. Liquidation is all back-run, and most arbitrage is also back-run. Sandwich attacks are front-run+back-run. For specific MEV examples, you can refer to Helius's report, which has very detailed explanations and examples. 2. How big is the MEV business? According to some unverified statistics, trading robots made 1.1 billion US dollars last year, pump earned 500 million US dollars, MEV earned 1.5 billion US dollars, AMM earned 1 billion US dollars, and famous related parties such as Trump made 500 million US dollars, and were taken away from the market. On the Solana network, MEV earnings on Solana also rose sharply as network activity increased and the 2024 Memecoin boom arrived. As seen from Helius' report, Jito's arbitrage detection algorithm analyzed all Solana transactions, including those outside of the jito bundle, and the algorithm identified 90,4 over the past year...

485d agoSevenUpDAO#SevenUp DAO

Demystifying Solana's big MEV business

Written by Foresight Ventures Research Director @0xmaggie5过去一年, The Memecoin frenzy made Solana a gold mining mecca for traders. Countless people are chasing meme coins that have skyrocketed and plummeted in an attempt to seize the opportunity with Trading Bot. But few people realized—profiteering businesses that actually make steady profits don't jump on the K-line chart, but are hidden deep in the dark forest of blockchain. This is MEV (maximum extractable value). Compared to publicly visible bot revenue, MEV's revenue is often hidden in block construction and ranking mechanisms, and it is often an “invisible hand” that controls on-chain power and infrastructure. Many people don't know because the operating threshold of this system is high, the information is extremely asymmetrical, and the controllers are extremely concentrated. When you use bots to hunt down internal orders and prevent pinching, MEV catchers control transaction sequencing behind the scenes to accurately capture arbitrage space; when retail investors compete for speed and strategy, large institutions with staking advantages and node authority have taken advantage of structural advantages to stay at the top of the revenue pyramid. On Solana, MEV is not only a trading opportunity; it is also an infrastructure-level power — it is controlled by a very small number of people, forming a capital game with a high threshold, high monopoly, and high profits. Today, let's uncover Solana's big MEV business. 1. First, what is MEV? MEV is called value that miners can extract, which means that when packing blocks, miners can include, omit, and sort transactions to earn as much additional revenue as possible. Due to the memeCoin boom and active DeFi, MEV is huge. From a business perspective, MEV usually includes: liquidation, arbitrage, and sandwich attacks. Liquidation: Liquidate borrowing positions that are on the verge of default to receive rewards. When borrowers fail to maintain the collateral ratio required for the loan in the loan agreement, their positions will be eligible for liquidation. MEV searchers monitor these undercollateralized positions on the blockchain and perform liquidation by paying off part or all of the debt in exchange for partial collateral as a reward. Arbitrage: Trade on different DEXs at the same time and profit from the spread. The simplest form of arbitrage is when two DEXs have different prices for the same trading pair, the arbitrator earns the difference in price from a single transaction. Sandwich Attack: Buy before the target trade and then sell for profit. A sandwich attack is an arbitrage strategy in the DeFi market. The attacker achieves profit through three atomic bundling transactions: first, an unprofitable preemptive transaction pushes the asset price to the highest level allowed by the victim's slippage, then the victim's transaction is executed at a high level to further boost the price, and finally the attacker sells the asset at an inflated price through a repurchase transaction (post-transaction) to offset the initial cost and obtain net profit. In terms of behavior, a distinction is generally made between front-run (early trading) and back-run (back-run) early trading: Early access trading means that the MEV seeker identifies another trader's buy or sell order in the memory pool and places the same order before that trader to profit from the price impact on the other transaction. Post-transaction: A post-transaction is a counterpart of a preemptive transaction. It is a specific MEV strategy that uses a temporary price imbalance caused by another transaction, and this imbalance is usually due to improper routing. Once the user's transaction is executed, the reverse trade seeker will balance the price of each pool by trading the same asset and ensure profit. Liquidation is back-run, most arbitrage is also back-run, and sandwich attacks are front-run+back-run. For specific MEV cases, you can refer to Helius's report, which has very detailed explanations and examples. 2. How big is MEV's business? According to some unverified statistics, trading robots made 1.1 billion US dollars last year, pump earned 500 million US dollars, MEV earned 1.5 billion US dollars, AMM earned 1 billion US dollars, and famous related parties such as Trump made 500 million US dollars, and were taken away from the market. On the Solana network, MEV earnings on Solana also rose sharply as network activity increased and the 2024 Memecoin boom arrived. As seen from Helius' report, Jito's arbitrage detection algorithm analyzed all Solana transactions, including those outside of the Jito bundle, and the algorithm identified 90,445,905 successful transactions over the past year...

486d agoWendy#DEX #Jito #MEME #MEV #Solana #Early access to deals #robots #nodes #pledge

What is layer 3? How can scalability be improved?

The Layer 3 protocol is a decentralized application that can provide faster transactions, lower gas fees, support for complex dApps, support for interoperability, and customized features. Arbitrum Orbit, Orbs, and zkSync Hyperchains are examples of Layer 3. They can drastically reduce transaction fees, support Web3 games, decentralized finance applications, etc., and enable real-time transactions. Layer 3 is being developed and will play a key role in the future, making it easier for blockchains to handle high transaction volumes. Original title: Layer 3 Blockchains: What They Are And How L3s Improve Scalability Original Author: Hwee Yan Original Article Source: coingecko Main Article: The Layer 3 Protocol is built on Layer 2 to host decentralized applications for specific applications. Layer 3 addresses a variety of issues such as scalability, interoperability, customizability, and more. Some examples of Layer 3 protocols include Orbs, Arbitrum Orbit, and zkSync Hyperchains. 1. How do Layer 1s, Layer 2s, and Layer 3s work together? Layer1s is the underlying blockchain where blocks are added and transactions are completed. However, Layer1s has the blockchain trilemma; they have to make trade-offs between scalability, decentralization, or security. Blockchains like Bitcoin and Ethereum prioritize decentralization and security over scalability, and these networks experience lower transaction speeds as users increase. That's why Layer2s came along, and they solved the scalability problem. Layer2s is an off-chain vertical scaling solution that runs on top of Layer1s like Ethereum to achieve scalability and provide users with faster transaction speeds and lower gas fees. They can use rolling or verification mechanisms, as is the case with Polygon 2.0. Many Layer 2 solutions, such as Polygon, zkSync, and Arbitrum, have released solutions that allow developers to build application-specific chains on top of Layer 2, leading to Layer3s. Layer3s is an advanced protocol built on top of existing Layer 2 solutions, providing interoperability and application-specific functionality. This means that Layer3s is highly customizable and can meet developers' specific needs, such as providing solutions to privacy issues or supporting a large number of transactions, while still inheriting the security of the Layer1 blockchain. Currently, most Layer3s are built on Ethereum, and some blockchains, such as Bitcoin, are currently unsuitable for hosting Layer 3 applications. 2. What problems does Layer 3s solve? Now that we understand how Layers 1, 2, and 3 work together, let's take a closer look at Layer 3s and how they can further extend the blockchain. Scalability Layer 3s is designed to enhance scalability beyond current Layer 1 and Layer 2 capabilities, and is therefore highly scalable. As a result, the network is able to process a larger number of transactions while supporting a wider range of complex applications. Supporting complex DAppLayer 3s can provide the necessary infrastructure for developing more complex decentralized applications requiring more advanced functionality. This may help improve the network design to include more advanced features on the app and make it more accessible to the average user. Depending on developers' needs, Layer 3s can also facilitate more complex smart contract designs, and Layer 1 and Layer 2 cannot handle these designs due to limited scalability. Blockchain interoperability Layer 3s also addresses the issue of interoperability. Layer 3s can act as a bridge between different blockchains, enabling transactions and data to flow between different platforms. This means that Layer 3 dApps have the ability to connect to different blockchains such as Ethereum and Solana. Customized Layer 3s can also be customized according to developers' unique needs. For example, developers can introduce...

988d agody zhang#layer 2 #layer 3 #Orbs #SOL #interoperable #Ethereum #encryption #scalability #Binance Coin #Platform coins #Bitcoin

Learn the principles of Layer 3 and the current market landscape in one article

Layer 3 protocols address issues such as scalability, interoperability, customization, etc. Original title: Layer 3s In Crypto: What They Are And How They Improve Scalability Original Article Author: Hwee Yan Original Article Source: coingecko What is a Layer 3 Agreement? The Layer 3 protocol is built on top of Layer 2 to provide better scalability so that developers can create customized, application-specific blockchains according to their needs. Key Takeaways The Layer 3 protocol is built on Layer 2 to host app-specific decentralized applications. Layer 3 protocols address issues such as scalability, interoperability, customization, etc. Examples of Layer 3 protocols: Orbs, Arbitrum Orbit, and zkSync Hyperchains. How do L1, L2, and L3 work together? Layer 1 is the underlying blockchain where blocks are added and transactions are finalized. However, Layer 1 faces the blockchain trilemma; they can't balance scalability, decentralization, or security. Blockchains like Bitcoin and Ethereum prioritize decentralization and security over scalability, and as the number of users on the network increases, the transaction speed of these networks becomes very slow. This is where Layer 2, which addresses scalability issues, comes in. Layer 2 is an off-chain vertical scaling solution that runs on layer 1 such as Ethereum to achieve scalability and provide users with faster transaction speeds and lower gas fees. They can take the form of rollups (rollups) or validations, as is the case with Polygon 2.0. Many Layer 2 solutions, such as Polygon, zkSync, and Arbitrum, have released solutions that enable developers to create application-specific chains built on Layer 2, which takes us to Layer 3. Layer 3 is an advanced protocol built on existing Layer 2 solutions to provide interoperability and application-specific functionality. This means that Layer 3 is highly customizable and can meet developers' specific needs, such as providing solutions to target issues such as privacy, or supporting a large number of transactions, while still inheriting the security of the Layer 1 blockchain. Currently, most Layer 3 is built on Ethereum, and at the time of writing, there are blockchains, such as Bitcoin, that aren't suitable for hosting Layer 3 apps. What problems can Layer 3 solve? Now that we understand how Layer 1, Layer 2, and Layer 3 work together, let's take a closer look at Layer 3 and how they can further extend the blockchain. Scalability Layer 3 is designed to enhance scalability, surpass current Layer 1 and Layer 2 features, and is therefore extremely scalable. As a result, Layer 3 networks can handle a larger number of transactions while supporting a wider range of complex applications. Complex dApp Support Layer 3 can provide the necessary infrastructure for developing more complex decentralized applications requiring more advanced functionality. This may help improve the web design, include more advanced features in the app, and make it easier for lay users to use. Depending on developers' needs, Layer 3 can also facilitate more complex smart contract designs, which Layer 1 and Layer 2 cannot handle due to limited scalability. Blockchain interoperability Layer 3 also addresses interoperability issues. Layer 3 can act as a bridge between blockchains so that transactions and data can flow across different platforms. This means that Layer 3 dApps have the ability to connect to different blockchains such as Ethereum and Solana. Customized Layer 3 can also be customized according to developers' unique needs. For example, developers can introduce application-specific mechanisms that only allow private transactions and contracts to be executed, thereby disclosing only part of the data. Because of Layer 3's...

1009d agody zhang#layer 3 #Orbs #SOL #interoperable #transactions #Ethereum #scalability #Binance Coin #Platform coins #Bitcoin

Gnosis Chain launches Hashi to enhance bridged transmission security

Comparatively, Gnosis Chain's ecosystem team, Gnosis Builders, announced the launch of Hashi to enhance bridging security by aggregating bridging standards. Gnosis Chain is a complete EVM (Ethereum Virtual Machine) layer 1 blockchain that prioritizes decentralization and security. Many projects are already working to integrate Hashi, including Succinct Labs, Dendreth, ZK Collective, Connext, Celer Network, LayerZero, Axiom, Wormhole, and Li.fi.

1240d agoRuilin#Gnosis Chain

A Year in the Boca Parachain (2): System Chains, Smart Contracts, and Social Media

Over the past year, Boca's first parachains have been busy launching and upgrading technology, demonstrating the power and flexibility provided by Boca through the parachain model. The parachain model allows teams to fully customize their Layer-1 blockchain in a way that best suits their usage, and has industry-leading upgradability and interoperability capabilities to gain a competitive advantage. Boca's parachain ecosystem shows Web3's potential to drive innovation across a wide range of usage scenarios, and is now active in DeFi, smart contracts, social media, decentralized identity, the Internet of Things, gaming, metaverse, and sustainability. This series of articles provides a brief introduction to Boca's parachain situation in the first year after launch. The first part introduces Boca's DeFi (decentralized finance) parachain. This article continues to introduce Boca's system parachains, smart contracts, and social media parachains in the order in which they won parachain slot auctions. Boca's system Parachain Boca's industry-leading on-chain governance system can allocate parachain slots to the blockchain, provide core services to the ecosystem, and generally uses DOT, Boca's native token rather than introducing its own token. These “system parachains” are also known as “public service parachains” because they usually provide basic core functionality to the community on a non-profit basis, do not require a parachain slot auction process, and are managed by Boca's relay chain governance system. In “Parity is about to launch a 'collective' parachain on Polkadot!” In this article, you can check out the latest roadmap for some of Boca's system parachains. Statemint went live on December 18, 2021 The ability to create and transfer assets is a basic requirement of the Boca ecosystem, so it makes sense to provide some basic asset functions as a core public service of the network. Statemint is the first system parachain on Boca, which provides basic asset infrastructure. It allows any entity to deploy assets, including NFT assets, providing generic multi-asset functionality for a range of use cases, and using DOT as its native token. Assets created on Statemint can be divided into three basic categories: assets supported by the functionality of an on-chain agreement (such as assets that grant voting rights or access to a network), assets with off-chain support (such as real-world assets such as off-chain reserves or art), and assets without support. One of the basic features required for Collectives to launch Web3 on November 19, 2022 is to enable people from all over the world to come together and organize as a group without trusting third parties like lawyers and courts. Collectives is Boca's second system parachain, which provides this functionality to the Boca ecosystem. The first collective to launch on the Collectives parachain was the Polkadot Alliance (Polkadot Alliance), a community initiative to recognize positive contributions to the ecosystem and develop ethical guidelines around fraud, malicious behavior, misuse of the Boca brand, and unsourced code. The Polkadot Fellowship is the second collective to launch, a decentralized group of Boca technology experts playing a key role in Polka OpenGov (the next generation governance system for the Boca Network). Boca's smart contract parachain The Boca ecosystem is paving the way for a truly interoperable Web3, and the scale of its smart contract options continues to expand. Boca currently has several smart contract quasi-domains, covering Ethereum-compatible (EVM) options, as well as native WebAssembly (Wasm) smart contracts for increased performance. Smart contracts on Boca can be interconnected across chains, ending the era of isolated networks and forming the foundation for a cross-chain Web3 integrated interconnected ecosystem. Smart contract options on Boca have platforms that are specific to specific use cases, such as DeFi or commodities. Acala's first auction: Launched on December 17, 2021 Acala is an all-in-one DeFi hub with a suite of applications for end users, a stablecoin (aUSD), and a smart contract platform for DeFi developers to create projects. Acala has built-in interoperability and Ethereum...

1273d agoPolkaWorld#DOT #Polkadot #PolkaWorld #parachains #Boca

Solidity's strongest rival: the rise of the MOVE language and new public chain

Quick Article Overview: 01/ Move: The Rise of the Big Three in the Public Chain 02/ Current Track Overlord: Aptos03/ Resource Features: Move Has Truly Achieved Digital Assets 04/ Summary of Technical Differences: Solidity vs. S. Move05/ Move Future Prospects and Course Learning 1. The rise of the Big Three Move language chains In 2019, Libra, Meta (formerly Facebook), a supranational digital currency project distributed globally, came out. Who would have expected it to reach its peak when it debuted, then ended up being forced to transform Diem without incident due to regulatory restrictions. At the end of January this year, Diem was sold by Meta for around $182 million. The Libra and Diem teams left a valuable legacy along the way — the Move language that made up for Solidity and EVM flaws and spawned public chain teams such as the most representative Aptos, Sui, and Linera. In December 2021, Sui, the earliest startup, announced Series A financing of 36 million US dollars, including a16z, NFX, Scribble Ventures, Redpoint, Lightspeed, Electric Capital, Samsung NEXT, Slow Ventures, Crypto Standard, and Coinbase Ventures. In March 2022, Aptos raised $200 million, also led by a16z. In June 2022, Linera announced the completion of a $6 million seed round. The lead investor in this round is still a16z, with participating institutions including Cygni Capital, Kima Ventures, and Tribe Capital. In July 2022, Aptos completed $150 million in financing, led by FTX Ventures and Jump Crypto, with a16z, Multicoin Capital, and Circle Ventures participating; at the same time, Sui revealed that it is seeking $200 million in Series B financing, with a valuation of $2 billion. In August 2022, Aptos announced that it will launch Incentive Testnet 3 (AIT3) on August 30. The project party announced that AIT2 was very successful, with more than 225 community nodes participating in the test, distributed in 44 countries and 110 cities around the world. According to the project roadmap, the main network will be launched after the test network is completed. It's easy to see that a16z is deliberately betting on the “Move Language System Public Chain Circuit”, hoping that the three public chains will lead the next cycle. The tripartite trend of the Move language is also taking shape. Of the three public chains, Aptos is undoubtedly the one that is progressing the fastest in development and ecology. Up to now, it has a stronger community, more active developers, and a more robust dApp ecosystem, which we'll break down in detail in the third part of this article. Sui, who came in second place, has released its own Tokenomics ($SUI) white paper. The economic model has a unique characteristic: computation fees (computation fees) are paid separately from storage fees (storage fees). When users submit on-chain data, they pay both storage fees and calculation fees (commonly known as GAS). The calculation fee is distributed to Stake rewards and partially transferred to the Storage Fund; the storage fee is transferred directly to the Storage Fund, which is used to subsidize future increases in storage costs as the network grows and matures. This design returns the right to store data on the chain to users, and users can choose to delete the data on the chain to cancel the storage fee. Additionally, Sui's development kit (SDK) attempts to connect to other ecosystems and non-cryptographic applications, including gaming APIs, SuiEcho, Handshake, and other special SDKs. However, its ecosystem application layout is very poor compared to Aptos, and there are only a few wallet-related ecosystem projects in public reports. Compared to Aptos and Sui, Linera seems to have started late and is more low-key. It was released on June 18 this year...

1475d ago#Buidler DAO #Move #Solidity #New public chain